Zwicky proposed that these three galaxies behaved as if under the influence of a type of plentiful, non-radiating matter, hence DM. These three galaxies were behaving as if each contained much more matter than calculated from the luminosities. He, like all astronomers, estimated matter density assuming that the average density is proportional to the observed luminosity.

Fritz Zwicky noted that the motions of these galaxies about a central point could not be properly described using his presumed values for the galaxy matter densities. The first hint for the existence of dark matter (DM) between galaxies was the observation over eight decades ago from a study of the luminosities and centrifugal velocities of three galaxies, a galactic “triplet” of the Coma Cluster. Using our assumption about the importance of the graviton, we here describe the well-known Tully-Fisher relationship of spiral galaxies without resorting to hypothesizing exotic WIMPs or invoking modifications of Newtonian dynamics (MoND). Since the motions of stars and galaxies are non-relativistic, we can apply our idea to describe the expected large-scale motions using only Newtonian mechanics. Particles such as gravitons will be extremely difficult to directly detect the best we can envision is measuring this influence on stellar and galactic motions. Here we consider the possibility that massless gravitons suffering slow redshift may be responsible for the properties of spiral galaxies attributed to dark matter. Likewise, considerations of large, non-emitting objects as the source of most dark matter fall short of expectations. Link to Gravitational redshift of galaxies in clusters as predicted by general relativity.Several recent attempts to observe dark matter with characteristics similar to atomic or subatomic particles as Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) have failed to detect anything real over a wide energy range. Original Story Source: EurekAlert News Release. Wider and wider they spread, expanding, always expanding,Outward and outward and forever outward.” “Now the general theory of relativity has been tested on a cosmological scale and this confirms that the general theory of relativity works and that means that there is a strong indication for the presence of dark energy”, explains Radek Wojtak.Īs Walt Whitman once said, “I open the scuttle at night and see the far-sprinkled systems, And all I see multiplied as high as I can cypher edge but the rim of the farther systems. But, for now, we’re looking at the big picture in a different way. All these hypothetical models need to be taken into account. Of course, this kind of revelation also has other implications… theoretical dark matter just might play a role in gravitational redshift, too. In that way our observations confirm the theory of relativity.” “Our analysis of observations of galaxy clusters show that the redshift of the light is proportionally offset in relation to the gravitational influence from the galaxy cluster’s gravity. “It turned out that the theoretical calculations of the gravitational redshift based on the general theory of relativity was in complete agreement with the astronomical observations.” explains Wojtak. Then, using the general theory of relativity, the gravitational redshift could be determined by galaxy location. The next step in the equation is to measure the entire galaxy cluster’s total mass to arrive at its gravitational potential. Credit: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute The observed data confirms Einstein’s general theory of relativity. It is a grotesquely large scale, which is a factor 1,022 times greater (ten thousand billion billion times larger than the laboratory test).

With the new research the theory has been tested on a cosmological scale for the first time by analyzing galaxies in galaxy clusters in the distant universe. Until now, the gravitational redshift has only been tested with experiments and observations in relation to distances her on Earth and in relation to the solar system.

Gravitational redshift galaxy